Johann Straus II - Vergnügungszug (Pleasure Train), op. 281

Johann Strauss II , known for his waltzes and lively compositions, had a unique approach to his creative process. He consistently sought contemporary and relevant themes to serve as the driving force behind his new musical compositions. This approach ensured that his work remained fresh and connected with the audiences of his time.  One notable instance of this creative approach was the composition of this polka, composed in 1864. This piece of music was specifically crafted for a summer concert held in the picturesque Russian town of Pavlovsk. It's fascinating to note that Strauss drew inspiration for this composition from the world around him. In this case, he found it in the emerging technology of the time, namely, the steam locomotive. The composition itself is a testament to Strauss's ability to capture the essence and energy of the subject matter. The rhythm of this dance piece mirrors the rhythmic chugging and movements of the old-fashioned steam trains that were prevale...
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Handel - Concerto for Organ and Orchestra No.13 in F Major, HWV 295, "The Cuckoo and The Nahtingale"

In this Organ concerto, Handel reproduces the song of the birds that gives his work its famous subtitle. It was one of the few occasions where he used music as a means of imitation.

Like Handel's other Organ concertos, this concerto No.13 was written as music played during the breaks of the acts of the oratories. It was first presented two days after its completion, at the Royal Theatre in London, on April 4, 1739, along with the oratorio Israel in Egypt.

Many of these concertos, including the 13th, had large "ad libitum" sections. In them, the organist spontaneously improvised and the melody simply played the role of guide. Hendel himself was an excellent organist and surprised his listeners with his virtuosity improvisations.

Movements:

- Larghetto

In the first part, Larghetto, the orchestra presents in a brief introduction the expressive theme. The Organt then interprets the same theme with high notes. The orchestra echoes the Organ's interpretation until the first part is completed peacefully.

- Allegro

In the second part, Allegro, the orchestra presents a new, lively melody. The Organ and the orchestra echo each other. The Organ then presents and develops the two descendant notes that mimic the chirping of a cuckoo, interwoven with the cellared trills of a nightingale. The Organ itself interprets the song of the birds, while the orchestra repeats the original theme inserted between the sections of the "cuckoo and the nightingale".

- Organo ad libitum

Improvisation

- Largetto

In the mournful third part, Larghetto, the orchestra first presents the mournful theme, followed by the Organ. Once again the Organ and the orchestra share the same melody, until the Organ completes the third part with a minor chord.

- Allegro

Some slow, simple chords performed by the orchestra introduce the final fourth part, Allegro. The strings interpret a lively, highly toned theme, repeating the Organ and then being re-formulated sequentially by the  Organ and orchestra. Among the interpretations emerge musical phrases that lead to new harmonies. In the end, the melodies return to the main tonality of the concerto in F Major and share the final chord.




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